The Evolution of Rules in Shedding-type

Shedding-type of card games are used as a fruit fly to study the evolution of institutional 14 arrangements. Eleven types of rules are identified which leads to a spectrum of 2048 15 possible shedding games. Each game can be evaluated by the length and difficulty of the 16 game and as such a fitness landscape of possible shedding games can be constructed. 17 Building on cultural group selection simulations are performed with 100 groups which 18 start with randomly throwing cards and evolving to games similar to UNO. Finally, 19 experiments have been performed where characteristics of agents co-evolve with the 20 rules of the game. 21